Steven Johnson
Emergence is a name for what happens when a collection of relatively simple objects, following a small set of rules, behave as if they were controlled by a single guiding intelligence. The flocking of birds is an example of emergence: to the observer on the ground it appears as if some leader bird (surely the one at the point of the “v”) commands the others to fly in formation, but in reality each bird acts independently, each following a few rules about direction and separation from its neighbors.
Johnson’s book begins by describing the emergent behavior of ants and slime molds. But instead of digging deeper into the phenomenon, he starts to drag in everything: the human brain, computer games, and the Internet. He does make some interesting points about how the lack of two-way linking prevents the World Wide Web from becoming an emergent system. At the same time, he ignores fundamental topics like Conway’s “game of life” and Wolfram’s research into cellular automata.
Emergence is a fascinating subject, and it’s a shame that “Emergence” never rises above the level of a magazine article.